Punching is a crucial element of mixed martial arts (MMA), often leading to knockouts (KO) or technical knockouts
(TKOs). This study explored the relative foot positions of athletes, their stances, punch type executed, and the reliability
of these variables to provide insights into effective punch application in MMA. We retrospectively examined MMA contests from the Ultimate Fighting Championship that ended via KO/TKO (2020 to 2022). Data were sourced from publicly
available videos on the internet. Three analysts, each with at least three years of experience in striking combat sports and
competitive MMA, conducted observations independently.